The 7 Key Areas

Particular areas of representation that may be chosen are:

• Gender
• Age
• Ethnicity
• Sexuality
• Class and status
• Physical ability/disability
• Regional identity

Camera Shots, Angle, Movement, Composition

The 4 Key Areas

Shots: establishing shot, master shot, close-up, mid-shot, long shot, wide shot, two-shot, aerial shot, point of view shot, over the shoulder shot, and variations of these.

Angle: high angle, low angle, canted angle.

Movement: pan, tilt, track, dolly, crane, steadicam, hand-held, zoom, reverse zoom.

Composition: framing, rule of thirds, depth of field – deep and shallow focus, focus pulls.

Editing

Includes transition of image and sound – continuity and non-continuity systems.

Cutting: shot/reverse shot, eyeline match, graphic match, action match, jump cut, crosscutting, parallel editing, cutaway; insert.

Other transitions, dissolve, fade-in, fade-out, wipe, superimposition, long take, short take, slow motion, ellipsis and expansion of time, post-production, visual effects.

Sound

Soundtrack: score, incidental music, themes and stings, ambient sound.

Diegetic and non-diegetic sound; synchronous/asynchronous sound; sound effects; sound motif, sound bridge, dialogue, voiceover, mode of address/direct address, sound mixing, sound perspective.

Mise-en-Scène

Production design: location, studio, set design, costume and make-up, properties.

Lighting; colour design.

Production Workers

Writer- The writer is the person that writes the screenplays. A screenwriter (proper name for him/her) has the job of writing the scripts for mass media productions like films, TV programmes, comics or sometimes video games.

 

Producer- The producer is the person that is responsible for the managerial and financial aspects of the making of a film or production. He could also be in charge of a play or opera.

Casting director- The casting director is the person in charge or roles and who plays them. This person will audition the actors or actresses for the role and say which part they will play or not. They are basically in charge of cast and their assignment.

 

 

 Director- The director is in charge of everyone and the department/organisation. He manages and oversees business responsibilities and makes sure everyone is doing things correctly. The director also supervises the cast and other staff members involved in the production.

 

Film finance- The films finance is an aspect of the films production. This occurs during the development stage before the pre-production. It is also something that is considered when the potential value of the film is decided.

Camera operator- A camera operator is part of the films crew. The film crew consists of director of photography and one or more camera assistants. In filmmaking and news the camera is often called to film unfolding and unscripted events so the camera operator has a job of being aware about things. An example of film like this is Bad Grandpa.

Editor- The editor is in charge of the process in which involves corrections, organization and many other modifications. He has to make sure that the final produced work is correct, accurate and completed. This is before it is sent to a trail audience. If they don’t like it, it can be sent back to the editor for more modifications.

Production designer- In a film or a television programme the production designer or the P.D is the person who is in charge of the overall look of the film. The production designers have one of the key creative roles in the creation of films and motion pictures and are very important in the production of them.

Marketing- Marketing is the action or the business of promotion. It is a way of making the film or production known to the public so that they are encouraged to go and see it. Market researches are in charge of making sure the ‘film’ gets enough promotion.

Exhibition- A film exhibition is the distribution of which the film is then processed through an audience. This is done by a film distributer.

Camera Shots, Angle and Movement

The following videos show all the different camera angles, shots and movements.
This first video is about the basic camera angles. This like the High Angle Shot etc. 

This next video is all about the different camera movements.

Finally this video below is about the basic camera shots that are used.



All three of the videos above are from the OCR media studies organisation and are presented by Karl Davis. They are all registered as how to guides and they are to help out with the different camera shots, angles, and movements that I may need to remember for my exam.

Camera Shots

Below are 12 different examples of camera angles that are used in Television programmes and films. All of the film genres vary and many films have been used twice or more because there is more than one example in the clip.


The Two Shot

This is an example of a two shot. This is when two people are in the one scene at once. The scene when this camera angle takes place is between 0:40-0:46. The camera shot also represents the relationship between the two characters.


The Long Shot








In this clip between the times off 0:00-0:20 you can see the characters head to toe. This is called a long shot. This gives the audience an insight to whole characters profile.


Tilt Shot

Also in this clip above you can see a tilt shot. This can be seen between the times of 1:35-1:44. A tilt shot is when the camera moves upwards and/or downwards to create height or power. It can also be used to signify an object that you need to think about. In this section you can see a man looking at what appears to be some legs. This makes the scene more intense.




Extreme Close Up
In the clip below many different camera angles can be seen. One in particular is the extreme close up. This can be seen at the time of 0:17-0:19. You can only see it briefly but it is noticeable as all you can see in the frame is her eyes. 







Close Up

Also in this clip you can see examples other shots too. This also includes the camera angle; Close Up. You can see the close up angle at 1:44-2-15. This is a scene where two individuals are talking but you can only see above their shoulders. Also there isn't much background too see in the frame and also the attention is completely focused on the people speaking. 


Tracking Shot






At the very start of this scene you can see the use of a tracking shot. This is up until about 20 seconds into the clip. A tracking shot is a camera that is on a dolly and gives the audience a more three dimensional view of the characters rather than just zooming in and out. It also is seen and is good for the introduction of a new scene rather than just being used as an ending.


Zoom

In the clip of 17 again, zoom is used as well for a few seconds (0:58-1:02 approximately). This is to intensify the scene and is also a good way of getting closer to the character without using a tracking dolly. The cameras focus length is simply adjusted to create an effect of worry/fear in this character.


Arc Shot

An arc shot is when the camera is moved in a full or semi circle to look at a new character or action within the same setting. This again is seen is the cafeteria scene of 17 again at 1:14-1:18. It isn't very long however you can see the impact as it is like looking at 'Stan' in the eyes of the other two characters.


Extreme Long Shot








In this clip of Spiderman swinging you can see the extreme long shot being used. This can be seen throughout the whole clip. What the extreme long shot does is withdraw the features from the whole setting, including the time and location. It is also known as an establishing shot.


Crane Shot




This is a crane shot. A crane shot is when the camera is following the action vertically. In this clip Spiderman is climbing up a wall and the camera follows him as he climbs. This is almost like a birds eye view.


Mid Shot

In this scene below from Guardians of the galaxy, you can see the camera angle clearly as you can only see the people from waist up. It also makes you become more familiar with the characters and it makes it easier to see the facial expressions and bod language.






Panning






In this clip from the avengers you can see slight aspects of the panning camera angle. This is when the camera is moved from left to right and gives different points of view. It isn't easy to see the panning but it is there.